This paper looks at the gender wage gap throughout the transition from communism to capitalism and throughout a time of … participation for women. Although the regime was formally egalitarian, the gender attitudes were conservative and the raw gender … wage gap was as large as 41% at the end of the communist period in Estonia. The large gender wage gap under communist rule …

The concentration of women in the teaching profession is widely noted and generally attributed to gender differences in … preferences and social roles. Further, gender segregation exists within this profession - women make up almost all of the primary … administrative roles. To what extent is this gender structure in teaching a response to economic incentives from the labour market …