Remanufacturing reduces final wastes to sinks, extraction of virgin materials and pollution from production processes … consumers and industrial end-users introduce uncertainty, regarding quantity and quality of returns. As remanufacturing expands … efficient remanufacturing depends on reliable prediction of quantity and quality of returns. A method is developed for prognosis …

collector under various coordination scenarios. New products produced from the manufacturing and remanufacturing processes will … remanufacturing and refurbishing. Used products below the minimum acceptable quality level of the manufacturer will be categorized as …