different configurations of the patent system upon innovation and competition. The model is able to replicate the main stylized …The role of the patent system in the pharmaceutical sector is highly debated also due to its strong public health … regimes changing the breadth and length of patents. Results suggest that enlarging the extent and duration of patents yields …

This WTO working paper studies availability and affordability of new and innovative pharmaceuticals in a post-TRIPS era … the introduction of product patents in pharmaceuticals affect the likelihood of pharmaceutical firms to launch new and … finds that introduction of product patent for pharmaceuticals in the patent law has a positive effect on launch likelihood …

an innovation rewarding institution. According to our analysis, pharma patents have constituted legal barriers to protect … witnessed by the fact that patent applications are very skewed in the covered trade names and patent thickness expands over time …. Conversely, the number of patents protecting new drugs approved by the FDA which draw upon government-sponsored research - as …

-effects regressions, this study yields robust results. National patent protection alone does not stimulate domestic innovation, as …This paper evaluates the effects of patent protection on pharmaceutical innovations for twenty-six countries that … established pharmaceutical patent laws during 1978-2002. Controlling for country characteristics through matched sampling …

. Domestic innovation is measured as citation-weighted domestic patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO): to account for … to patent at the EPO. Results show that, in the short-run, IPR stimulate innovation. The effect for developing countries …This paper analyses the causal impact of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) on pharmaceutical innovation in a panel of …

the inventor in two patents and (2) only applying the prohibition when the earlier patent did not satisfy the technical … the strengthening of the double patenting prohibition: preventing extending exclusive rights beyond the original patent … term by dressing up part of that invention as a new one. This prohibition against the same party holding two patents …

of new drug patents using two quasi-experimental approaches: one based on changes in patent laws and another on the …The debate on whether COVID-19 vaccine patents are slowing down the pace of vaccination and the recovery from the … crisis has brought the optimal design of pharmaceutical patent policy to the fore. In this paper we evaluate patent policy in …

outbreak. Furthermore, it elaborates on patent-related policy options provided by the TRIPS Agreement, and WTO Members … then, the issue of the relationship between patent protection and the development of and access to medical treatments and … between IP, innovation, access, and public health between stakeholders with divergent interests. This working paper provides …

-Related Aspect of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) flexibility? Is it right to grant the first generation of Covid-19 vaccines a special … governments should bear the cost of the expected increased industry obsolescence determined by a temporary patent waiver; this … includes public patent-buy-outs and regulated public-private R&D partnerships. …