This paper addresses the usability of a broadband performance measurement application for end users, as introduced in Europe since 2003 by iPing Research B.V. The small Application, executes various automated performance measurements at regular intervals in the background of a Laptop/PC and data...

Purpose – Researchers often use partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to estimate path models that include formatively specified constructs. Their validation requires running a redundancy analysis, which tests whether the formatively measured construct is highly...