Carpenter and Matthews (2009) examine the cooperation norms determining people's punishment behavior in a social … punishment. Using multiple punishment stages and self-contained episodes of interaction, we disentangle the effects of … retaliation and norm-related punishment. An additional treatment provides data on the norms bystanders use in judging punishment …

anger, ‘social’ emotions like shame and guilt need to be present for punishment to be an effective deterrent of …

bear a higher burden of punishment costs than non-police subjects. When the norm enforcement institution is endogenous, all …