In this paper, we calculate for Brazil the macroeconomic aggregate called Real Gross Domestic Income (RGDI) and trading gains resulting from terms of trade changes, from 1948 to 2014. RGDI equals Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) plus trading gains, thus incorporating terms of trade change...

The trading gains resulting from changes in terms of trade or relative prices between tradable and non-tradable goods and services are not captured by standard real GDP (RGDP) calculation. The macroeconomic aggregate that does so is the real gross domestic income (RGDI). The System of National...

The trading gains resulting from changes in terms of trade or relative prices between tradable and non-tradable goods and services are not captured by standard real GDP (RGDP) calculation. The macroeconomic aggregate that does so is the real gross domestic income (RGDI). The System of National...

Australia is experiencing its largest mining boom for more than a century and a half. This paper explores, from a national perspective, important economic differences that arise when a mining boom, such as the current one, is generated by export price increases (trading gains) rather than export...

Australia is experiencing its largest mining boom for more than a century and a half. This paper explores, from a national perspective, important economic differences that arise when a mining boom, such as the current one, is generated by export price increases (trading gains) rather than export...

Australia is experiencing its largest mining boom for more than a century and a half. This paper explores, from a national perspective, important economic differences that arise when a mining boom, such as the current one, is generated by export price increases (trading gains) rather than export...

Australia is experiencing its largest mining boom for more than a century and a half. This paper explores, from a national perspective, important economic differences that arise when a mining boom, such as the current one, is generated by sustained export price increases (trading gains) rather...

This paper deals with the narrowing the income gap between the Central and East European New Member States (NMS-5) and the EU-25 and with the trade-off between the real and nominal convergence. The methodology is based on international standards enabling comparisons of macroeconomic indicators,...

In real terms, gross-domestic-product indicators do not record a country's trading gain or loss. The real growth of gross domestic income, which include terms-of-trade changes, were approximately one percentage point higher than the GDP growth rates of the Czech Republic and belonged among the...