The focus of this paper is twofold; the primary objective is investigating the impact of board gender diversity on firms' research and development (R&D) investment as an innovation driver. The secondary objective is looking at R&D expenditure from an opportunistic earnings management practice,...

Corporate governance has received a lot of attention in India because of the scandals that have taken place in the corporate world in the last two decades. Investors are also concerned over the relationship between corporate governance and performance indicators. In this context, our study...

This study presents an environmental, social, and governance (ESG) strategic model to manage pharmaceutical supply chains with financial obstacles. ESG environmental, social, and governance research can help managers make informed decisions so that managers can better choose the corresponding...