Patent rights on pharmaceutical products are one of the factors responsible for the lack of access to affordable … patent rights and human rights law, contending that, in order to preserve their patent policy space and secure access to …, implementation, interpretation, and enforcement of their national patent laws. Through a comprehensive analysis of court decisions …

background, it examines the viability under the Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (the TRIPS … Agreement) of an exception allowing for the manufacture and export of patent-protected products. It concludes that such an … consistent with Article 30 of the TRIPS Agreement if read in accordance with the principles of interpretation of customary …

landmark Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS), but also including more recent free trade … discusses how patent-like rights (such as "data exclusivity") prevent lower-cost generic medicines from entering into the …

The World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement …. Therefore, pharmaceutical patent protection under the TRIPS Agreement regime is potentially in conflict with the right to health …) requires pharmaceutical patent protection in all member States. As a result of this patent protection, pharmaceutical patent …

While the recent WTO agreement allowing developing countries to import life-saving drugs by bypassing patent laws is … beneficial, a majority of the drugs used to combat epidemics are off-patent or not patented in many developing countries …

international laws and policies impacting access to medicine is a dynamic process in which competing patent perspectives (as well as … their confluence) play an important role. Whereas patent-owning companies are usually considered to dominate conversations …

This paper examines access to new and innovative pharmaceuticals in a post-TRIPS era. The WTO’s TRIPS Agreement (TRIPS … 70 markets, the study finds that introduction of product patent for pharmaceuticals in the patent law has a positive …-income markets. Also, innovative pharmaceuticals are launched sooner than non-innovative ones, irrespective of the patent regime in …

Scholars who point to political influences and the regulatory function of patent courts in the U.S. have long … patent and which attracted criticism for a wealth of different reasons, are fine case studies of the current debate over the …

Rights (TRIPS Agreement) and Public Health adopted by the World Trade Organization, we realize that its impact is beyond … issues of public health stricto sensu. The Doha Declaration has inspired discussions at the Council for TRIPS regarding … of the discussion in the TRIPS Council is the need to rebalance public interests (such as public health and environmental …