years of employment restrictions together with individual data for refugees entering European countries between 1985 and …. These effects are not mechanical, since we exclude refugees who may still be subject to employment restrictions, are non … concentrated among less educated refugees, translate into lower occupational quality, and seem not to be driven by selective …

For the first time since the Second World War, the total number of refugees amounts to more than 50 million people …. Only a minority of these refugees seek asylum, and even fewer resettle in developed countries. At the same time …, politicians, the media, and the public are worried about a lack of economic integration. Refugees start at a lower employment and …

A minority of applicants for asylum in Europe gain some form of recognition as refugees, and this has been a …