This study takes a hard and somewhat sobering look at the state of Indonesia's physical (hard) and institutional (soft) infrastructure as the country moves into its second year under the presidential leadership of the recently elected Joko Widodo. The study's focus is predominantly on how well...

The Halal Act is the first law in Indonesia, a Muslim majority nation requiring Halal certification and labeling. Prior to the law, the Indonesian Council of Ulama (MUI) oversaw voluntary Halal certification. While Islamic organizations in Indonesia have praised the emergence of this law, local...

This paper concerns the purposes of WTO retaliation. There are two most competing purposes of WTO retaliation: inducing compliance and rebalancing. My paper introduces another purpose of retaliation that is reflected in the EC – Hormones dispute: inducing a mutually agreeable solution. In May...