evaluates the three primary barriers to employing compulsory licenses for pharmaceuticals underscored by members during TRIPS …Under Articles 31 and 31bis of the TRIPS Agreement, WTO members may validly sanction the use of a patented invention … without the patent owner's authorization by issuing a compulsory license (CL). In the pharmaceuticals space, governments have …

Doha Declaration further clarified and reaffirmed the existing TRIPS flexibilities. This paper argues that India has taken …-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), however, included a number of public health flexibilities in order … the lead role in enacting the TRIPS Agreement's substantive and procedural patent flexibilities by introducing unique …

experiences of Thailand and India in implementing TRIPS and using TRIPS flexibilities such as compulsory licensing to ensure … Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Given its impending transition from LDC status, there is a need to balance … affordable generic medicines when it starts granting patents for pharmaceuticals. It systematically compares Cambodia's IP laws …

The major bone of contention between the developed and developing countries in the TRIPS negotiations was patents for … pharmaceuticals. The US-led developed countries bloc argued in favour of patents for pharmaceuticals amidst opposition from Brazil …, India and other countries. Ample evidence, including patented AZT for HIV/AIDS treatment, showed that patents could make …