This in-depth analysis provides evidence on differences in the practice of supervising large banks in the UK and in the euro area. It identifies the diverging institutional architecture (partially supranationalised vs. national oversight) as a pivotal determinant for a higher effectiveness of...

This Essay is a brief response to the stimulating essays on cost-benefit analysis of financial regulation by Professors Coates and Cox in this volume. Both Coates and Cox largely agree that we want policy decisions about financial regulation to be made using what Coates refers to as...

This article traces the development of UK financial services regulation from the Middle Ages up to the time of Big Bang, by examining the establishment of the City of London's financial markets and significant milestones in the City's regulatory history. The analysis shows how the City has...

This article explains the origins of the white collar crime debate, then considers some of the dilemmas that are shared by white collar criminologists and regulatory professionals, before detailing some areas in which criminological research has relevance for financial services regulation

Up until 1989, there existed “the Big Eight” accountancy firms namely the eight major international accountancy firms, Arthur Young (AY), Ernst & Whinney (EW), Deloitte Haskins & Sells (DHS) ,Touche Ross (TR), Price Waterhouse, Coopers and Lybrand, Arthur Andersen and KPMG. At present, there...

The regulatory system has taken 150 years to develop in the US. Even today it is far from unified with four supervisory "agencies" overseeing banking organizations, i.e., 50 State Regulatory bodies, the OCC, the FDIC and the Federal Reserve, with a wide variety of individual and often...

Financial regulation today is largely framed by traditional business categories. The financial markets, however, have begun to bypass those categories, principally over the last thirty years. Chief among the changes has been convergence in the products and services offered by traditional...