Employing the art-collection records of Burton and Emily Hall Tremaine, we consider whether early-stage art investors can be understood as venture capitalists. Because the Tremaines bought artists’ work very close to an artwork’s creation, with 69% of works in our study purchased within one...

Green startups are a major driver of eco-innovation and as such a major contributor to climate change mitigation and green growth. However, they often lack sufficient funding from investors. Our study focuses on the factors that determine venture capital investors to invest in green startups. In...

This paper highlights the role of financial development in producing innovative products and services. The Venture Capitalists (VCs) plays a crucial role for the realization of product innovation and service innovation. Especially young entrepreneurs face the problem of financial constraints if...

External finance is central for nascent entrepreneurs, people in the process of starting new ventures. We argue that nascent entrepreneurs use patents and prototypes in order to signal their ability to appropriate the returns from their innovation as well as the project’s feasibility. Our...

This paper incorporates the cost of adjustment between observed and optimal leverage in explaining the variation in firm's equity or bank-debt financing investments. Using a dynamic adjustment approach identifies the determinants to capital structure between different financial systems. In...

PART 1 The Phase Ranging from 1978 to 2012 -- An Introduction to Adaptive Efficiency and Corporate Governance -- The Then Practice of Corporate Governance of Chinese Listed Companies -- The Difficulty of Fundraising Suffered by Chinese Domestic -- The Underdevelopment of Incentives in the...