Both theoretical and empirical studies have shown that democracy and corruption have substantial influence on … environmental policy. In this paper, we empirically analyse whether both democracy and corruption are equally important determinants …. When these variables are jointly included as explanatory variables, we find that corruption stands out as an important …

trade helps reducing corruption. In this article we show through theory and evidence that the relationship between trade and …Corruption is an important topic for governments and economics. A widely held belief is that exposure to international … corruption is more nuanced. We show that firm level corruption actually increases when exports experience booms or busts. The …

, increased political corruption, and weaker rule of law. We also find that the deleterious effects of political clientelism are …It is widely believed that clientelism-the giving of material goods in return for electoral support-is associated with … poorer development outcomes. However, systematic cross-country evidence on the deleterious effects of clientelism on …

This paper proposes a preliminary economic model of political clientelism and corruption in developing countries with … consolidate power by blending in state violence. Political clientelism and corruption are likely to provoke geographically … weak rule of law. It explains why this corruption is often chronic and persistent, and further examines its impact on …