This study uses text analysis to extract stable supplier information from company annual reports and discusses its impact on the real earnings management strategies used during a private placement period. The results show that companies with stable suppliers conducted more downward real earnings...

This paper examines the impact of firms' digital transformation on management earnings forecasts with a sample of Chinese firms. Using a deep learning model and textual analysis, we create a proxy for digital transformation based on the frequency of keywords related to digitization in firms'...