lead to substantially various reform programs in particular countries due to the heterogeneous political pressure of the …

commentators have argued that the subsequent rise in unemployment exceeded previous estimates of the elasticity of the unemployment …-term estimate of Okun’s coefficient implying that the deviation in unemployment during the crisis resulted from a larger output gap … period utilized. Focusing more on short-term fluctuations, changes in unemployment are decomposed to identify the association …

reforms is positively associated with the unemployment rate, the simultaneous implementation of fiscal consolidation measures … unemployment rate in the short run when they are approved during contractionary periods-while they have a non-significant effect …

protection legislation and unemployment benefits. Estimates based on local projections find negative short-run effects of …

reform trajectories in a diverse group of European countries that are characterised by a high share of temporary employment … two preceding decades - or based on dualisation or insider-outsider theory. The reform trajectories are characterised by … deregulation of dismissal protection for open-ended contracts. …