Export Credit Agencies (ECAs) played an important role in cushioning the downturn in cross border trade to emerging market economies during the economic and financial crisis that started in the fall 2008. In addition to facilitating trade during times of crisis, ECAs can also help companies in...

Turkey experienced a financial crisis in 2000-2001 that led to significant financial reforms. The reforms resulted in a switch to a floating exchange rate, granted greater central bank independence and pursuit of a more credible monetary policy. Investigation of the channels of monetary policy...

As a result of the extremely volatile world economy in 2008, tourism demand slowed steadily through the year. Overall, the 5% growth of the tourism world demand between January and June gave way to a 1% decline in the second half of the year. Growth returned to international tourism in the last...

Revitalizing the Jamaican Economy: Policies for Sustained Growth aims to improve our understanding of the constraints to social and economic development in Jamaica. It also proposes practical solutions to overcome some of those problems. This book is a collection of studies commissioned by the...

The causes of the financial crisis of 2007-09 are many and varied. Indeed, the crisis may be viewed as the product of a perfect storm. This paper identifies the major culprits or sinners of the U.S. crisis and enumerates their more important sins. The culprits include central bankers, commercial...

The title "shadow banking system" sounds pejorative and certainly is in the minds of most people who work in or watch the business of money and credit. In the world of subprime real estate, abuse of private financial vehicles with insurance enhancements and ratings led to the collapse of the...

To be effective, programs of regulatory reform must address the incentive conflicts that intensify financial risk-taking and undermine government insolvency detection and crisis management. Subsidies to risk taking that large institutions extract from the financial safety net encourage managers...

A dozen years ago, Randall Kroszner, soon to be one of George W. Bush’s economic advisors and a Governor of the Federal Reserve, could comment in a Levy Institute seminar, without fear of contradiction, that there was no evidence to back the "public interest rationale" for the separation of...