so far, leading to only a 0.3 percentage point (p.p.) cut in the worldwide average applied tariff duty between 2001 and … 2013 more than halved the worldwide welfare gains to be expected from the tariff-cutting provisions of the hypothetical …

tariff rate, and tariff reductions applying to all trade if there are no free trade zones in the country (in the sense of … numerical simulation methods to compare conventional national tariff reductions to trade liberalization achieved through the … geographical expansion of free trade zones in terms of welfare impacts. Either the size of the free trade zone with a fixed tariff …

tariff increase. We then study how WTO tariff commitments affect this probability. We estimate our model using a database of … results show that WTO commitments significantly reduce the probability of a tariff increase, even when the bound tariff is … results are robust to including political economy explanations of tariff changes and to addressing endogeneity concerns. …

tariff increase. We then study how WTO tariff commitments affect this probability. We estimate our model using a database of … results show that WTO commitments significantly reduce the probability of a tariff increase, even when the bound tariff is … results are robust to including political economy explanations of tariff changes and to addressing endogeneity concerns. …