Smart cities are rarely built smart from scratch. For most cities, “smart city” signifies the presence of several smart city projects that emerge over time from various actors. These projects rely on extensive data and algorithms whose use in urban spaces and/or decision-making processes can...

This chapter argues that people have a human right to immigrate to other states. People have essential interests in being able to make important personal decisions and engage in politics without state restrictions on the options available to them. It is these interests that other human rights,...

This article examines the treatment in the EU of trade secrets, which are not recognized in many EU Member States as intellectual property. The authors analyze the EU’s obligations under international treaties (notably TRIPS) and under European law (notably the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights...

A significant amount of recent scholarship and commentary accuses China of plundering the African continent, coddling its dictators, and flouting labor and environmental standards. This paper makes the counterintuitive claim that, despite irrefutable cases of abuse, China’s engagement with...

This article explores why the “right to work” remains underdeveloped through an analysis of its theoretical origins and developmental path. First, the article explores specific content of the right to work, as well as the international legal instruments that generate that content. Second,...

This article focuses on two regional human rights systems - the system that exists in Africa and the mechanism that exists within the Council of Europe. It examines the development and specifics of each system to determine what lessons the African Commission and the future African Court of...

Rapid technological development, a change of paradigm in the production and consumption of creative works and globalization have brought about profound changes in the laws protecting the creation and creators of intellectual property. These changes have mostly favored right holders and have...

In the internal market within which the principle of mutual recognition originated, there was no need for a grand principle of mutual trust to counterbalance the potentially far-reaching consequences of mutual recognition.The creation of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) led to a...

This chapter analyzes the limitations that can be imposed on the exercise of freedom of assembly when the burden on third parties also restricts a fundamental economic freedom. This analysis will be put in the wider context of fundamental rights in economic integration processes, but focused on...

Latin America is a fertile ground for exploring issues of trade and human rights, but relatively little seems to be written about human rights in economic integration processes across Latin America. This article is an attempt at remedying this. It is an exploratory piece that highlights some of...