of the European Maritime Enterprises (oceanic shipping).We focus on shipping companies, because of the large volume of … firstly the identification of factors that affect the capital structure of European oceanic shipping and secondly to search … of 32 listed European shipping companies for the period 2005-2010. The results suggest the prevalence of pecking order …

The current study explores the asymmetric cost behaviour in US shipping industry. More precisely, it investigates …-year observations for the period 2000 to 2018. The empirical evidence suggests that shipping firms' managers adjust resources faster … relation with the intensity of cost anti-stickiness and economic crisis has no significant effect on shipping firms' cost …