, making large-scale studies challenging. Many scholars of innovation have implemented ad-hoc disambiguation methods based on … Author-ity disambiguation approach (Torvik et al., 2005; Torvik and Smalheiser, 2009) to the US utility patent database, (2 … of inventors and their associated patents. The paper provides an overview of the disambiguation method, assesses its …

for the disambiguation of the term “Europe”; before the European Parliament, Sarkozy uses the term “Europe” without …

disambiguation. We applied the commonly used all-initials and first-initial based disambiguation methods to the data, generated over …