relies on patent data to explore three potential sources: R&D collaboration, technology sourcing, and technology transfer …

relations between MNEs and domestic firms lead to direct transfers of knowledge/technology. We first document that there are … present in sub-Saharan Africa, they raise the likelihood of direct knowledge/technology transfers from MNEs to domestic firms … as compared with linked-in firms in Asia. Finally, we do not find that direct knowledge/technology transfers are more …