The European Research Conundrum may be described thus: In the interest of the European Research Dream, the structure … and culture of the research organization should be adapted to the mission of achieving scientific and technological … organization. The conundrum has been highlighted publicly by the high-level review of the European Research Council (ERC), which …

materials. However, increasing industry funding of research can restrict the dissemination of results and materials. We show … scientists who receive industry funding are twice as likely to deny requests for research inputs as those who do not. Receiving …, however, 50% more likely to be denied access to research materials by others, but this is not affected by being funded …

studies have analyzed characteristics of science and scientific research. However, the motivations of nations to produce … scientific research are elusive. Firstly, this study reviews the concept of science in literature and suggests a new general … induce nations to perform scientific research and produce science advances, such as the goal of power, wealth, technological …

This paper studies the effects of public research (publications) and innovation output (patents) on national economic … growth with the help of a GMM panel regression including 114 countries. Effects on productivity growth and capital and labor … capital and labor inputs, while public research is found to have positive impacts on labor inputs. …

-specifications, which are more pronounced for long-term works councilors. Moreover, we observe no wage premia in linear fixed-effects panel …

theory.Panel cointegration approach was used to investigate the long- term effect of these variables. Results of panel … cointegration test show that variables of labor market institutions are not robustly correlated to macroeconomic outcomes in the …