We simulate potential costs, market returns, and nonmarket ecosystem benefits for commercial bottom oyster reefs, off-bottom oyster aquaculture, oyster-based living shorelines, and (non-harvested) restored oysters reefs. Results indicate that the range of benefits accruing from commercial bottom...

Objective - This paper examines the business strategy at cut flower area. The need for cut flowers, especially chrysanthemums, is very large. The farmers of cut flowers are concentrated in Java, namely Malang, Bandungan, Yogyakarta and Cianjur in West Java.Methodology/Technique - In this study...

Public trustees at the state, federal, and tribal level are tasked with ensuring that those responsible for destroying or damaging natural resources sufficiently compensate the public for its loss. Those trustees have the fiduciary duty to maintain and restore the natural resources within the...