It has been recognized that conversion of an income tax to a consumption tax can increase aggregate saving even if each household maintains a constant propensity to save. The reason is heterogeneity: the variation in the propensity to save among households. How much of an increase in saving is...

The Netherlands has abolished the tax on actual personal capital income and has replaced it by a presumptive capital income tax, which is in fact a net wealth tax. This paper contrasts this wealth tax with a conventional realization-based capital gains tax, a retrospective capital gains tax with...

A widely shared intuition holds that individual control over money matters for the decision process within the household and the subsequent distribution of resources and welfare. As a consequence, there are good reasons to depart from the unitary model of the household and to explore the...

This paper proposes a comparison of the results of tax policy analysis obtained on the basis of unitary and collective representations of the household. We first generate labour supplies consistent with the collective rationality, by use of a model calibrated on microdata as described in...

In the 21st century the structure of the Japanese socio-economy is changing greatly because of the rapidly aging society and married couples having a smaller number of children, diversified life styles and globalization of the country. To sufficiently respond to these various structural changes...

Discrete choice models of labor supply easily account for nonlinearity and nonconvexity in budget sets caused by tax-benefit systems. As a result, they have become very popular for ex ante evaluations of policy reforms. In this paper, we question whether the degree of flexibility and the...

Vietnam is an Asian country with a population of about 70million and annual per capita income of US $190-200. Despite its current status as one of the poorest countries in the world, it has tremendous potential for growth because of its abundant natural resources and an excellent human resource...

HID has been active in the area of tax reform for the past twenty years. This work began in 1975, with a study of mineral taxation in Bolivia and has continued through projects in a wide range of countries including: Indonesia ( mining taxation, 1976-1997, comprehensive tax reform, 1981-1986,...

In recent years there have been over twenty tax reforms that have taken a very different approach to the design of tax systems than those done one or two decades ago. This paper attempts to outline the changes that have taken place in the approach and policies of tax reform. A comparison is made...

This study is the result of the Federation of Nepalese Chambers of Commerce and Industry’s initiative to reform the overall tax system and tax administration of Nepal. It was undertaken by the Harvard Institute for International Development in conjunction with the Ministry of Finance, His...