effects of more police officers on crime rates. We add to the relatively thin literature on the impacts of clearance rates … of police officers will not necessarily result in lower crime rates …The Becker (1968) model of crime establishes the importance of the probability of apprehension as a key factor in a …

police forces tasked with preventing crime. We study the 1829 formation of the London Metropolitan Police - the first … professional force worldwide. Using newly digitized and geocoded crime and police data together with difference-indifferences and …This paper evaluates the effect on crime of creating a fundamental modern-day institution: centralized professional …

police militarization has on reducing violent crime. I show that previous estimates are likely to be contaminated by … the displacement of violent crime to neighboring areas. Police departments overmilitarize because they do not consider …Using new data at the police department level, I propose an identification strategy to estimate the causal effect that …

police force and crime experienced by firms. Using survey data for about 12,000 firms in a cross-section of 27 developing … countries, the study finds that increasing the size of the police force is negatively associated with crime experienced by firms …Economic theory predicts that a rise in police presence will reduce criminal activity. However several studies in the …