This paper analyses lawsuits against shareholders' resolutions according to the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) and … lawsuit is pending with a court. In particular, mergers have to be implemented without any delay. The minority shareholders … voting power of minority shareholders and create incentives to use the real option inefficiently. Therefore, the majority …

performance. Consistent with our aggravated expropriation hypothesis, we find that pledging firms in China initiate more takeovers … a greater likelihood of goodwill impairment. Overall, our findings indicate that controlling shareholders increasingly … expropriate minority shareholders through self-serving corporate takeovers after the stock pledge …