Micco, Alejandro; Pérez, Natalia - 2002
.S. markets than import tariffs. We investigate the determinants of shipping costs to the U.S. with a large database of more than …. Distance and containerization matter. In addition, we find that efficiency of ports is an important determinant of shipping … costs. Improving port efficiency from the 25th to the 75th percentile reduces shipping costs by 12 percent. (Bad ports are …