We have attempted to explain why professional service firms (PSFs) even in some of the most canonical examples (e.g., law firms) fail to follow the traditional definition. Growth in the size and geographic diversification of law firms has transformed their organizational structures and in some...

An increasing body of empirical evidence is documenting trends toward rising concentration, profits, and markups in many industries around the world since the 1980s. Two major criticisms of these studies is that concentration and market shares are poorly measured at the national industry level...

An increasing body of empirical evidence is documenting trends toward rising concentration, profits, and markups in many industries around the world since the 1980s. Two major criticisms of these studies is that concentration and market shares are poorly measured at the national industry level...

We examine a deregulation of German pharmacists to assess its effects on retail and labor markets. From 2004 onward, the reform allowed pharmacists to expand their single-store firms and to open or acquire up to three affliated stores. This partial deregulation of multi-store prohibition reduced...

We propose that the effect of market concentration on firm survival is different according to whether an industry is static (low entry and exit) or dynamic. In our empirical analysis we find support for this hypothesis. Industry concentration rates reduce the survival of new plants but only in...

On April 24, 2012, Marvin Miller delivered a speech at New York University in which he reflected at length on the history of the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) and his role in the development of the labor union he led from 1966 to 1983. This article is an introduction in two...

The case of the English ski instructor Simon Butler working in France is the best example of the malfunctioning of the professional-qualifications recognition system in Europe. The practice of European and national administration as well as the jurisprudence of the CJEU and French courts shows...

The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) offered its certification exams in Armenia for the first time in December 1998. This article reports on that experience. It discusses the relatively low pass rate and the eight reasons for the low pass rate

Part of the USAID Accounting Reform Project in Armenia involves reforming the certification process for accountants and auditors to meet international standards. Until Armenian certification becomes credible to the international investing community, it would be a stumbling block to capital...

U.S. legal markets are among the most heavily regulated in the economy, with regulation over almost all aspects of legal production exercised in a fragmented and unclear regime by individual state bar associations and state courts, largely driven by decisions of the American Bar Association....