Regulations (such as pollution standards) are frequently expressed as a uniform ratio between a target variable and a base variable. The efficient form of such regulations is firm-specific. When firms are very different in size, large firms typically should face a relatively more stringent...

Annual global CO2 emission forecasts at 2100 span 10 to 40 billion tonnes. Modeling work over the past decade has not narrowed this range nor provided much guidance about probabilities. We examine the time-series properties of historical per capita CO2 emissions and conclude that per capita...

The Stern Review, described as the most comprehensive review ever carried out on the economics of climate change, was published on 30 October 2006. The twin papers from a combined team of scientists and economists present a critique in two parts of the Stern Review. Part I focuses on scientific...

Environmental concerns often figure prominently in opinion polls. But do election outcomes actually affect the environment? I test the influence of the party in power on urban air pollution in 13 Canadian cities. The government's political stripe is not reliably associated with positive or...

This paper applies principal component analysis to investigate the linkages, or dominant co-fluctuation patterns, of per capita carbon dioxide emissions across countries for the time period 1950–2000. Energy resource world markets are investigated as an offsetting mechanism possibly...

Some externalities, such as global warming, involve complex relationships between emissions and an environmental state variable, with effects over lags of uncertain length. Coming up with theoretically-motivated and practical policy options in such cases has proven difficult. Deterministic...

This timely Handbook reviews many key issues in the economics of energy and climate change, raising new questions and offering solutions that might help to minimize the threat of energy-induced climate change.

type="main" xml:id="rssa12036-abs-0001" <title type="main">Summary</title> <p>Malaria has disappeared in some countries but not others, and an explanation for the pattern remains elusive. We show that the probability of eradication of malaria jumps sharply when average household size drops below four people. Part of the...</p>