This study provides evidence of significant biases in multi-year management forecasts by analyzing a proprietary dataset on venture-backed start-ups in Germany. We find that revenues and expenses are highly overestimated in each of the investigated one- to five-year-ahead planning periods....

This study investigates the role of trademarks in the start-up valuations of venture capitalists (VCs). Our results show that the number and breadth of trademark applications have inverted U-shaped relationships with the financial valuations of start-ups by VCs. The findings also indicate that...

Square, Inc. is a provider of hard- and software enabling small merchant businesses to accept card payments. The company was founded in 2009 by, among others, Jack Dorsey who still runs the company to this day. Based in San Francisco, the company has been part of Silicon Valley's Unicorn-iverse,...

The valuation of early-stage technology companies is challenging due to: the lack of clear operating history; disruptive new business models; a rapidly changing landscape for new entrants; and the unpredictable competitive push-back of powerful incumbent players. Revenue based multiples are...

Valuation of cleantech remains a new area within peer reviewed literature. Most economic/finance journals contain information on venture capital, or valuation methodologies. However, there isn't a significant body of information available on venture capital valuation, with respect to cleantech....

Risk is a big concern for anyone contemplating investing in new, especially innovative ventures. However, if successful, the returns can be extraordinary, serving as an impetus for many venture capitalists to provide greater funding. Still, many new ventures never see the end of the tunnel, and...

Chapter 1. Theoretical Background -- Chapter 2. Start-up, Expansion and Buy-out Financing -- Chapter 3. A Snapshot of Private Equity and Venture Capital Industry: Pre and Post-crisis -- Chapter 4. Highlights of Private Equity and Venture Capital Valuation.

The number of ventures with a market value of one billion USD or more has considerably increased during the last decade. Driven by new technologies and business models, these ventures became an integral part of our daily life. Particularly, the number of unicorns based in China and other regions...