models in which the exogenous state variables follow conditionally linear stochastic processes displaying time-varying risk …. The first-order approximation is consistent with a conditionally linear model in which risk is still time-varying but has … second-order approximation of the solution, instead, is sufficient to get this role. Moreover, risk premia, evaluated using …

This paper assesses the impact of risk and shocks on non-farm enterprise development in rural Ethiopia using a matched … household–enterprise–community dataset augmented with precipitation based measures of risk. The likelihood of running a non …-farm activities thus provides limited protection against fluctuations in agricultural performance. This may explain why ex-ante risk …

characterize the decision makers’ risk preferences through a uniquely defined utility function. Motivated by these considerations … processes where the implications of additional probability and utility information or further risk constraints are shown in …

realized. Such products allow the retailer to avoid holding costs and ensure timely fulfillment of demand with no risk of …

finds that common shocks – key crisis events as well as changes to global liquidity and risk – have exerted a large effect …, country risk and the strength of domestic macroeconomic fundamentals. Comparing and quantifying these effects show that common …

This paper incorporates risk into the FDI decisions of firms. The risk of FDI failure increases with the gap between …

literature that used measures of net flows. Global factors, especially global risk, are significantly associated with extreme …

not only the standard arguments like expected prices but also risk. We extend Lin’s work [1991, 1992] by modelling supply … national Chinese agricultural supply is price and price risk responsive. Further, we fit our model to data for North, Northeast … national level, Chinese agriculture is found to be price and price risk responsive. The regional analyses suggest that …