To accommodate Indonesia's quickly growing fintech industry, regulators have opted for a regulatory sandbox mechanism that bases the country's regulatory response to innovation on the results of live experiments. While they offer clear benefits, regulatory sandboxes can also be risky regulatory...

This paper analyses the role of banks in financing SMEs in Britain and Germany.

Article 495(3) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 (Capital Requirements Regulation – CRR) allows competent authorities temporarily to exempt from the internal ratings-based (IRB) treatment certain equity exposures held by institutions as at 31 December 2007. This provision was already included in...

This article defines correlation products andexplores the problems they raise for risk management systemsin financial institutions. It explains the difficulties ofanalyzing nonseparable risk in one type of correlation product,the differential (diff) swap, and describes the much simpler...

Insurers and banks are both suppliers of financial services and constitute together thebulk of the financial services industry. As such, they share certain common traits and,consequently, are often analyzed together. At the same time, they differ markedly in certainrespects, insurance and...