Using the 2012 Bhutan Living Standard Survey, this paper finds that rural nonfarm activities comprise 60.7% of rural … household income in Bhutan and this contribution increases with higher income and education levels. The poor and less educated … nonfarm sector. Further decomposition reveals that self-employment in petty nonfarm activities reduces inequality …

, this paper summarizes research findings on the relationship between urbanization, urban-rural inequality, and poverty, and … migrating peasants, and, consequently, has a positive effect on narrowing the rural-urban income or consumption gap. Urban labor …Relying on the present literature, official statistics, and household survey data in the People's Republic of China …