This paper examines the relationship between per capita GDP differences and bilateral intraindustry trade shares. The … due to the presence of vertically differentiated trade. The paper begins by distinguishing between vertically and … horizontally differentiated trade, and then finds a positive and significant relationship between GDP per capita differences and …

The development of research studies concerning the emergence of intra-industry trade is fruitful interaction between … of intra-industry trading caused the rise of theoretical models explaining the determinants of these trade flows. It also … contributed to the debate on the need to distinguish, in empirical analyses, intra-industry trade in horizontal differentiation …

Studying intra-industry trade involves theoretical explanations and empirical methods to measure the phenomenon …. Indicators have been developed to measure the intensity of intra-industry trade, leading to theoretical models explaining its … determinants and consequences of intra-industry trade depend on whether the traded products differ in quality. A method for …