the proliferation of immunity-escaping variants. Therefore governmental rationality around the world would suggest any … governments should bear the cost of the expected increased industry obsolescence determined by a temporary patent waiver; this … includes public patent-buy-outs and regulated public-private R&D partnerships. …

observe export and patenting activities worldwide and at the product level. We exploit how heterogeneity of patent … coverageacross (and within) product-country relates to exports. We find a patent premium of at least 10 percent, which is mainly …