This paper examines the evolution of national competition (antitrust) policies and enforcement approaches vis … competition policy approaches toward intellectual property licensing arrangements in the US, Canada and the EU. Part 3 elaborates … the foundational insights that have motivated competition policy interventions with respect to 'newer' issues such as anti …

China, Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand), comprising about one third of the world's population and economy …

Agreement) of an exception allowing for the manufacture and export of patent-protected products. It concludes that such an … exception would promote competition and enhance access to medicines (including biologicals) for the general public while being …