standards. I introduce a two-stage game with both voting and market competition. In equilibrium, standards and market outcomes … are efficient even with market power from scarce capacity and Standard Essential Patents (SEPs). I show that a drastic … innovation with SEPs generates greater social welfare than a less efficient standard without SEPs. A key finding is that voting …

innovation. While previous studies have often considered patents and trade secrets as substitutes for one another, we investigate …This paper tests a number of hypotheses on the use and effectiveness of patents and trade secrets designed to protect … the complementary role of the two protection methods. We identify protection strategies for single innovation firms and …

settlements; (iii) issues concerning standard-essential patents (SEPs); (iv) the conduct of patent assertion entities (PAEs); and …Competition agency guidelines, policy statements and related advocacy are an important vehicle for policy expression … guidelines and policy statements has, arguably, been particularly important in the context of the competition policy treatment of …

environmental externalities. A model of monopolistic competition inspired by the recent trade literature shows that the profits … of the receiving country. We test the empirical implications of our model using patent data in renewable and fossil … Moment estimator. We show that knowledge transfer through patent duplication increases with the level of IPR protection, but …