This paper analyzes price discrimination of an upstream cartel in the presence of a dominant firm at the retail level …. Charging different wholesale prices creates a bond between the upstream cartel and the favored downstream firm. This bond … reduces or eliminates this firm's incentives to accept deviation offers from upstream cartel members. When a cartel price …

pricing algorithm to solve the cartel incentive problem by quickly detecting and punishing the deviant further strengthen the … humans. This raises the fundamental challenge for anti-cartel enforcement as the current law in most jurisdictions is ill …

unifying theory that would provide a single test offering a way to distinguish between practices compatible and incompatible …