On 23 June 2016, the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union (so-called 'Brexit'). This paper uses newly … against Brexit. Two key findings emerge. First, unhappy feelings contributed to Brexit. However, contrary to commonly heard … feelings about his or her own financial situation. Second, despite some commentators' guesses, Brexit was not caused by old …

How did expectations of the outcome of the United Kingdom's (UK) referendum on European Union (EU) membership in 2016 …

We provide causal evidence of the impact of the Brexit referendum vote on hate crime in the United Kingdom (UK). Using … Brexit referendum led to an increase in hate crime by around 15-25%. This effect was concentrated in the first quarter after … the referendum and was larger in areas that voted to leave the European Union (EU). We also provide evidence against the …

We document a sharp increase in hate crime in the aftermath of the Brexit referendum. We show that this rise was more … referendum was a source of new information about society's overall preferences over immigration in a context where other … determinants of attitudes remained constant. We exploit this feature of the referendum for identification. We build a quantitative …