Haavelmo's seminal 1943 paper is the first rigorous treatment of causality. In it, he distinguished the definition of … Acyclic Graphs (DAG) used in one influential recent approach to causality (Pearl, 2000) and in the related literature on … causality, a central contribution of Haavelmo (1944). In general cases, DAGs cannot be used to analyze models for simultaneous …

Credible Granger-causality analysis appears to require post-sample inference, as it is well-known that in-sample fit … terms of power relative to the in-sample Granger-causality F test, is manageable. An illustrative application is given, to a …