tend to switch to lobbying when the level of development is sufficiently high. Bribing, however, is associated with hold … capital to make lobbying worthwhile. The economy is then stuck in a poverty trap with bribing forever. The model can account … for the common perception that bribing is relatively more common in poor countries while lobbying is relatively more …

Recent evidence suggests that special interest groups significantly affect tropical deforestation through lobbying. We … land conversion. We investigate the effects of lobbying on the cumulative level of resource conversion and examine how … trade policy influences the distortions created by political corruption. We derive testable predictions that are analyzed …

This study explores the linkages between trade policy, corruption, and environmental policy. We begin by presenting a … policy; ii) corruption reduces environmental policy stringency; and iii) the effect of trade liberalization (corruption) on … environmental policy is conditional on the level of corruption (trade openness). Using panel data from a mix of 30 developed and …

public life. Cheaper plomo and more resources subject to official discretion are associated with more frequent corruption and … cheaper plata can lower the ability of public officials. Protecting officials from accusations of corruption (immunity) will … decrease the frequency of corruption and may increase the quality of politicians if the judiciary is weak. These predictions …

We study the form by which corruption is organized between politicians and entrepreneurs. Using a large-scale survey … extent of corruption. Our primary finding is a non-linear relationship between corruption and political horizons …. Specifically, corruption is more intense over long and short political horizons, and less intense over intermediate ones. We …

This paper develops a theory of environmental policy formation, taking into consideration the degree of corruptibility …. Political instability has a negative effect on the stringency of environmental regulations if the level of corruption is low …, but a positive effect when the degree of corruption is high. Corruption reduces the stringency of environmental …