In Romania, the 2008 local elections were held based on a new electoral law. The main changes concerned the election of … chairpersons of county councils by uninominal voting, shifting of the general and presidential elections and the introduction of a … uninominal voting system for parliamentary elections, with a correction of the total number of seats according to the total …

local council towards direct mayor elections was introduced during a phase-in period from 1993 to 1998. The end of the term … state tier. This e ffect only materializes in the election year which suggests that mayors under the new electoral rule put … more e ffort into grant applications for highly visible infrastructure projects in order to increase their re-election …

We advance the literature on political budget cycles by testing separately for cycles in expenditures for elections in … eligibility rules. We find sizable and significant effects in expenditures before council elections and before joint elections …

We advance the literature on political budget cycles by testing separately for cycles in expenditures for elections in … eligibility rules. We find sizable and significant effects in expenditures before council elections and before joint elections …

The opportunistic political cycle's theories argued that the incumbent raises the visible expenses in the election time …-buying action. The paper tests the argument by using Indonesia local election and grants spending data from 2008 to 2013. Through … treating the endogeneity of incumbency, the analysis results suggest that when the incumbent is participating in the election …