This paper empirically investigates the underlying determinants of expenditure decentralization, based on the … predictions of a new political economy model of partial decentralization. The analysis is based on an agency model, in which two … decentralization is endogenous and depends on the relative political conditions prevailing at each level of government. Consistent with …

-vote-selling intervention in the Philippines. We model selling one's vote as a temptation good: it creates positive utility for the future self …. The more effective promise treatment reduces vote-selling in the smallest-stakes election by 10.9 percentage points …