We examine the standard New Keynesian economy's Ramsey problem written in terms of instrument settings instead of allocations. Its standard formulation makes two instruments available: the path of current and future interest rates, and an "open mouth operation" which selects one of the many...

New Keynesian models generate puzzles when confronted with the zero lower bound (ZLB) on nominal interest rates (e.g. the forward guidance puzzle or the paradox of flexibility). We show that these puzzles are absent in simple and medium-scale models when monetary policy approximates optimal...

We extend a small New Keynesian structural model used for monetary policy analysis to address a richer class of policy issues that arise in open economy analysis. We draw a distinction between absorption and domestic output, and as the difference between the two is effectively the current...

This paper focuses on the macroeconomic and budgetary impact of tax reforms in a New Keynesian two-country model. Our results show that both income and consumption unilateral tax rate reductions do not constitute a ""free lunch"", in the sense that they have negative budgetary consequences for...