The Basel capital adequacy ratios lost credibility with financial markets during the crisis. This paper argues that failure was the result of the reliance of the Basel standards on overstated asset values in reported equity capital. The United States' stress tests were able to assist in...

We ask if bank supervisors’ efforts to combat climate change affect banks' lending and their borrowers’ transition to the carbon-neutral economy. Combining information from the French supervisory agency’s climate pilot exercise with borrowers' emission data, we first show that banks that...

This paper provides an overview of stress-testing methodologies in Europe, with a focus on the advancements made by the European Central Bank's Financial Stability Committee Working Group on Stress Testing (WGST). Over a four-year period, the WGST played a pivotal role in refining stress-testing...

This study examines the exposure of microfinance institutions to liquidity, interest rate and foreign exchange (FX) risk. It builds on a manually collected set of data on FX positions and the maturity structure of assets and liabilities of the largest microfinance institutions worldwide. The...

Trade credit is differentiated from other lending channels by the underlying sales relationship. Using a unique hand-collected dataset of customer-supplier-matched trade credit, I examine how the importance of a customer's sales to its supplier affects trade credit decisions. Contrary to...

This study examines the exposure of microfinance institutions to liquidity-, interest rate and foreign exchange (FX) risk. Using manually collected data from microfinance institutions' financial reporting, I find that the microfinance sector faces minimal liquidity risk, high interest rate risk...

Purpose: This paper aims to offer an empirical study of the impact of institutional quality on the banking system risk and credit risk. Design/methodology/approach: Applying cross-sectional dependent tests and stationary tests to check the property of our sample, the panel corrected standard...

Using Credit Default Swap spreads, we construct a forward-looking, market-implied carbon risk factor and show that carbon risk affects firms’ credit spread. The effect is larger for European than North American firms and varies substantially across industries, suggesting the market recognises...

Carbon risk, a type of climate risk, is expected to have a crucial impact, especially on high-carbon-emitting, "polluting" firms as opposed to less carbon-intensive, "clean" ones. With a rising number of actions and policies being continuously proposed to mitigate these concerns and an...