We trace the development of human capital in today's Senegal, Gambia, and Western Mali between 1770 and 1900. European … trade, slavery and early colonialism were linked to human capital formation, but this connection appears to have been … heterogeneous. The contact with the Atlantic slave trade increased regional divergence, as the coast of Senegambia developed more …

We trace the development of human capital in today’s Senegal, Gambia, and Western Mali between 1770 and 1900. European … trade, slavery and early colonialism were linked to human capital formation, but this connection appears to have been … heterogeneous. The contact with the Atlantic slave trade increased regional divergence, as the coast of Senegambia developed more …

Gold Coast, the Bight of Biafra and the Bight of Benin, can be predicted by patterns of trade established in previous …

This paper addresses the long-term impact of Sub-Saharan Africa's indigenous systems of slavery on its political and … develop a theory to account for this based on the framework proposed by North et al. (2009), where indigenous slavery may have … indigenous slavery is robustly and negatively associated with the quality of governance and with current income levels. …

This paper addresses the long-term impact of Sub-Saharan Africa’s indigenous systems of slavery on its political and … develop a theory to account for this based on the framework proposed by North et al. (2009), where indigenous slavery may have … indigenous slavery is robustly and negatively associated with the quality of governance and with current income levels. …

others? I argue that natural harbors and capes led some places to become centers of pre-colonial coastal trade, which in turn …

tradition of 'trade as a self-sufficient profession', it considers how they adapted their livelihoods to the colonial economy … with prescribed bureaucratic norms. It displayed the hybridity found wherever Smithian trade (seen as activated by a … of that behaviour played out over the colonial period to 1975. At the end of that time, trade as 'a self …