shock to indigenous societies induced by Africa's slave trade influences postcolonial politics by tragically improving … ethnic group-level exposure to the slave trade. The findings are four-fold: Ethnic groups with severer slave trade exposure …

Can the slave trade explain Africa's propensity for conflict? Using variation in slave exports driven by the … interaction between foreign demand shocks and heterogeneity in trade costs, we show that the slave trade increased conflict …" history by connecting the short-run and long-run effects of the African slave trade …