In this paper, intended as a chapter for a study book, attention is given to the notion of harmonisation, its operation in the area of private law and the extent to which harmonisation of private law rules contributes to the development of the internal market

The paper is an inquiry into the possibile forms of relevance of WTO law before the Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance of the European Communities. It is a study on the differences and similarities between the judicial implementation of international law and that of WTO law before...

The debate about the economic power of large tech firms has led to the insight that due to the key role of personal data on large digital platforms competition and privacy issues are deeply intertwined. This leads also to a complex relationship between competition law and data protection (or...

Despite the fact that “heavy skies” (gravioris caeli) have been identified and legally classified as a serious concern since ancient times, air pollution still leads to millions of avoidable deaths and significantly impacts the climate. Today more than ever, the protection of people and a...

This chapter discusses what is a treaty and what is its significance in international law; the process by which treaties are formed and the legal effects of treaties at various stages of their formation; the nature, validity and legal consequences of reservations to treaties; the process of...

Law and governance need to be justified vis-à-vis citizens in order to be accepted as legitimate and supported by civil society. This contribution argues that the legal and judicial methodologies of multilevel governance for international public goods need to be changed in order to protect...

This dataset contains values and quantities of exports and imports by partner countries and by commodity. The complex nature of the customs and statistical needs require a detailed commodity classification. The Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonised System, or HS), or...