This report discusses the most relevant issues concerning student standardised testing in which there are no-stakes for students (“standardised testing”) through a literature review and a review of the trends in standardised testing in OECD countries. Unlike standardised tests in which there...

-- Foreword -- TIMES-VTT model -- Growing demands, increasing efficiency, and electrification -- Executive summary -- Glossary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Balmorel model -- Progressing towards low-carbonand renewable energy systems -- Energy system modelling in Latvia -- Towards...

This paper considers the climate, health and acidification impacts associated with household-level heating technologies; the policy-based incentives that current emission limits might create for switching between these technologies; and the societal costs that would arise from the externalities...